N = 3 · Ten balls, two ripple valleys
Three identical 400 kHz VRM buck phases · ten independent native ngspice feedback trajectories
0.0 ms
Balls 1–5 (valley A)Balls 6–10 (valley B)White rings: native sampled minima
Native switched ngspice, 12 V → nominal 1 V / 40 A; three equal natural 400 kHz clocks. Each controller sees only the common Vout waveform and its own oscillator/model. Ten different initial phases were chosen near the two sampled minima; feedback is NOT supplied either valley coordinate. Paths interpolate measured native gate-derived positions for display only. This demonstrates the tested starts, not universal convergence or hardware MCU autonomy.
Native measurement details
Ten measured switching-cycle Vout RMS trajectories
Selected ball emphasized; all ten independent switched-SPICE histories remain available.
Selected ball · native ripple over time
Actual 2.5 µs switching-cycle RMS samples, displayed every 0.05 ms. Horizontal white line is the selected native late mean.
Local frequency trim · three private oscillators
Phase 1Phase 2Phase 3
Native recorded oscillator commands relative to 400,000 Hz, not phase targets.
Native absolute Vout microscope
40 µs of native voltage samples; the overlay compares two separately simulated mirror-start cases on a shared voltage scale.
All ten native measured outcomes
| Ball | Valley | Start (°) | Final (°) | Late RMS (mV) | Last 6ms hold |
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